After Wednesday’s all-night session that lasted more than 20 hours, senators voted by 55 votes to 22 to suspend her and put her on trial for budgetary violations.
Ms Rousseff denounced her removal as a “farce” and “sabotage”.
In her final speech on Thursday afternoon, she again denied the allegations and vowed to fight what she called an “injustice” by all legal means.
Mr Temer was the leftist Ms Rousseff’s vice-president before withdrawing his party’s support in March. She has accused him of involvement in a “coup”.
Brazil’s new interim President Michel Temer has addressed the nation after the Senate voted to back the impeachment trial of Dilma Rousseff.
“Trust in the values of our people and in our ability to rebuild the economy,” Mr Temer said.
He has named a business-friendly cabinet that includes respected former central bank chief Henrique Meirelles as finance minister.
